Verpa conica (O.F. Muell.) Sw.
bell morel
Morchellaceae

Species account author: Ian Gibson.
Extracted from Matchmaker: Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest.

Introduction to the Macrofungi

Photograph

© May Kald     (Photo ID #19814)


Map

E-Flora BC Static Map

Distribution of Verpa conica
Click here to view the full interactive map and legend

Species Information

Summary:
Features include 1) an ocher-brown to darker brown or reddish brown, bluntly conic to bell-shaped cap that is attached to the stem only at the top, the cap surface smooth to slightly wrinkled, 2) a more or less equal stuffed stem that is whitish, often roughened by small orangish to brownish granules that may form transverse belts or ribs, 3) fruiting on ground in spring, and 4) large spores in 8-spored asci. It is probably that there is than one species going under this name in the Pacific Northwest.
Odor:
pleasant (Phillips), slight (Lincoff(1))
Taste:
pleasant (Phillips), slight (Lincoff(1))
Microscopic:
spores 28-34 x 15-19 microns, (Tylutki), spores 30-33 x 17-19 (R. Sieger, pers. comm. measured from eastern Washington), spores (20)22-30(34) x 12-17(19) microns, elliptic, smooth, without oil droplets; asci 8-spored, (Arora), spores (17)20-25 x 11-15 microns, broadly elliptic, smooth, colorless, sometimes with droplets on the ends (outside the spore wall); asci 8-spored, 250-350 x 18-23 microns, not blue with iodine; paraphyses septate, with slight clavate widening to 12 microns, branched near bases, (Breitenbach), spores 21-26 x 11-16 microns (Bessette)
Spore Deposit:
yellow (Phillips)
Notes:
Verpa conica has been found throughout eastern North America, and also in the Pacific Northwest, CO, and CA (Lincoff(2)). It is found in Switzerland (Breitenbach - rare). Collections from BC are deposited at Pacific Forestry Centre and the University of British Columbia. Collections from WA and OR are deposited at Oregon State University.
EDIBILITY
edible when cooked (Arora), Verpas are traditionally parboiled, with water discarded prior to final preparation, (Benjamin)

Habitat and Range

SIMILAR SPECIES
Verpa bohemica can look similar to the strongly wrinkled form of V. conica but has vertical ridges and very large spores in 2-spored asci, (Arora). Morchella semilibera has a pitted cap that is intergrown with the stem in its upper part, (Arora). Verpa conica in its wrinkled form is distinguished from Gyromitra by the spongy stem of V. conica with a cottony pith inside plus the free cap margin that is inrolled when young (Arora).
Habitat
single, widely scattered, or gregarious in soil or humus in forests, riparian woodlands [by streams], under shrubbery and fruit trees, etc., usually in spring (Arora), single to gregarious along banks of rivers and streams, hedges, meadows, forest edges, April to May, (Breitenbach for Switzerland), hardwood woods and orchards, April-May, (Phillips), at edge of woods or in hedges, especially under the Rosaceae, (Lincoff(1))

Synonyms

Synonyms and Alternate Names:
Gloeocystidiellum heterogeneum (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk
Peniophora heterogenea Bourdot & Galzin